What characterizes positive reinforcement?

Positive reinforcement is characterized by the concept of increasing the likelihood of a desired behavior through the addition of a rewarding stimulus following that behavior. When a person performs a specific action and is met with a positive outcome—such as praise, rewards, or other incentives—the probability of that behavior occurring again in the future is heightened. This principle is widely utilized in educational settings, as rewards can motivate students to engage more positively with their learning environments and behaviors.

This understanding of positive reinforcement emphasizes the role of rewards in shaping behavior, distinguishing it clearly from punitive responses, the absence of stimuli, or logical consequences that are not inherently tied to the definition of reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is fundamentally about enhancing behavior through encouragement and rewards, making option B the most accurate description of this psychological concept.